In the course of 2024 and 2025, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the International Court of Justice, and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights each delivered advisory opinions bearing upon climate change. Their convergence on a single subject of international concern raises a shared question: what does international law now require of States with respect to the changing ocean?
Over two days in Lund and Malmö, fourteen papers examine the advisory opinions in their relation to the regulatory architecture of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the International Maritime Organization; to the decarbonisation of international shipping; to sub-seabed carbon storage; and to the regional implementation of climate obligations at sea. The proceedings are organised around the papers themselves.